You may also have to revise your ideas about dieting if you and your healthcare provider determine that losing weight will help your overall health. That’s because many seniors find that weight loss gets more challenging as they get older. While slower weight loss can be frustrating, it’s also a natural part of the aging process. So, don’t blame yourself if you struggle to drop extra pounds. If a 60-year-old woman can’t lose weight, she might blame herself for not being disciplined enough. However, her body might just be responding in a way that’s appropriate for her age.
But that doesn’t mean that losing weight over 60 is impossible. Many people successfully lose weight at any age. You can lose weight as you get older by adapting your weight-loss strategies to your changing body.
The first step in understanding why weight loss rules can be different for seniors is to consider your basal metabolic rate. That’s the number of calories you burn just staying alive (i.e., the energy you expend breathing and digesting food). This rate is different than the calories you burn through exercise or everyday activities.
Your body composition impacts your basal metabolic rate. That’s because, in addition to its heavier weight, muscle burns more calories than fat. So, a person who has a lot of muscle mass should have a higher basal metabolic rate than someone who doesn’t.
However, starting in our 30s, we lose muscle mass unless we work to maintain it. Although we may not even notice this process when it starts, it has a large impact over time. One study published in Clinical Interventions in Aging found that, on average, we lose about 30 percent of muscle strength between age 50 and 70. And the rate of muscle loss is even faster after 70. Consequently, losing weight after 70 will be that much harder than it is for someone who is 30.
If you continue to eat the same number of calories and do the same amount of activity as you did in your younger days, you could be at risk of gaining weight because your basal metabolic rate is slowing down.
As a result, the number of calories you should eat in a day is about 100 calories lower with every decade you age. That’s not a huge amount (about the equivalent of one apple). But it does add up. So, for example, all other factors being equal, a 60-year-old woman should eat fewer calories in a day than a 40-year-old woman to lose weight.
Although it might seem unfair in today’s more sedentary world, this process makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. Long ago, as we grew older and our hunting and gathering abilities slowed down, our bodies had to learn how to survive on less food. The result? Aging bodies want to hang onto any extra body weight (even if we no longer need – or want – them to).
As well, for many seniors, weight loss slows down because of additional factors that affect their metabolisms, including:
- Medications: Seniors are more likely to be taking medications that can contribute to weight gain and make it harder to lose weight. But the effects are often hard to predict. For example, some people find that the antidepressant Wellbutrin can help with weight loss, but others find that they gain weight while taking it. If you’re concerned about a medication’s impact on your weight, be sure to talk to your doctor.
- Gastrointestinal changes: Some seniors avoid fresh fruits and vegetables because they don’t want to upset their stomachs. If you’re experiencing digestive issues that interfere with a healthy diet, your doctor can help.
- Certain medical conditions: Some health issues that are common in seniors can slow weight loss. For example, when your thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, your metabolism can slow down. You can lose weight with an underactive thyroid by working with your doctor to restore your thyroid hormone levels.